| dc.description.abstract | Bio-Briquettes as an alternative fuel source in charcoal briquettes were produced from agricultural waste Durio zibethinus (durian) peel using the seed as an adhesive. Nanonization of the durian peel and seed was applied as a modification in this study. Bio-briquette production was prepared at different experimental ratios and binder concentrations to determine the optimal conditions. The bio-briquette has varied nanostarch- to-water ratios of 1:8, 1:10, and 1:12, and binder concentrations of 65%, 75%, and 85% were tested for each ratio. Three trials were conducted per experimental ratio. The particle size distribution and surface morphology of nanosized durian peel and starch were analyzed through FE-SEM Imaging with EDS Mapping. Also, the physical and mechanical properties of bio-briquettes, such as bulk density and shatter index, were then investigated. Moreover, bio-briquette was characterized by the proximate analysis and caloric value. The result shows that the bio-briquette was optimized at a 1:10 nanostarch-to-water ratio and 75% binder concentration. It had a density of 543.37 kg/m3, a shatter index percentage of 95.97%, a calorific value of 29.42 MJ/kg, a moisture content of 6.65% by w/w, a volatile combustible matter of 33.7% by w/w, an ash content of 11% by w/w, and a fixed carbon of 55.3% by w/w. The values obtained were compared with Indonesian National Standards (SNI – 01 – 6235 – 2000), British Standards (BS 1016-108- 108.1:1992), and Japanese Standards for Briquette. Hence, based on the results, the bio-briquette made from nanosized durian peels and seeds as a binder has a strong potential to be an alternative source of biofuel. | en_US |
