https://repository.umindanao.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2294 Thu, 30 Apr 2026 08:47:36 GMT 2026-04-30T08:47:36Z https://repository.umindanao.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2288 The oil and energy consumption volatility Goyongco, Sherwin John L.; Yap, Magus Angelico S.; Madanlo, Reycan L. This study attempted to analyze the univariate time series of Oil and Energy Consumption Volatility. The study's primary goal is to examine the consumption trend and degree of volatility from 1970 to 2021 in the Philippines. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to present the trend of consumption volatility changes of oil and energy, to assess the consumption volatility of oil and energy, to determine the peak and low of consumption in time series, and to determine the relationship between the oil consumption and energy consumption. The study employed a time series of secondary data obtained from the online database of ‘Our World in Data’ on a yearly basis from 1960 to 2021. Furthermore, the data were statistically treated by employing the Vector Autoregressive (VAR) model to capture the dynamic relationship and the volatility of oil and energy consumption. With this, the impulse response function (IRF) suggests that energy consumption is subject to some degree of volatility when there is an oil consumption shock and the variance decomposition suggests that oil consumption has a significant impact on the volatility of energy consumption in the Philippines, with oil shocks being the primary source of this volatility. Energy consumption also has a significant impact on its own volatility but to a lesser extent than oil consumption. In Partial Fulfillment for the Requirement of the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Business Economics Tue, 01 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.umindanao.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2288 2023-08-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.umindanao.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2287 The effects of government borrowing to investment growth of the country Tagalog, Jezyl Rose R.; Sarmiento, Ellieza L.; Gaquit, Arabella B. Government borrowing has emerged as one significant method that helps in mobilization of resources for economic growth especially in emerging economics. Most governments in developing economies resort to borrowing as a way of financing budget deficit. This paper identifies the effects of government borrowing to investment growth in the Philippines. Specifically, it presented the trend of gross domestic product, internal debt, and external debt from 1990-2020. The study used Johansen Co-integration, Granger Causality, and Vector Autoregression (VAR) models to analyze this study. Johansen’s Co-integration analysis revealed that the gross domestic product (GDP), internal debt (ID), and external debt (ED) are rejected at a 5% significant level and showing that all relevant variables have a long-term relationship and the data are co-integrated. On the other hand, unrestricted VAR model, there exist a relationship between gross domestic product (GDP), internal debt (ID), and external debt (ED). The Granger Causality test result revealed the direction of the causal relationship between independent and dependent variables; gross domestic product, internal debt, and external debt at the 5% significant level. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Financial Management Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.umindanao.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2287 2023-07-01T00:00:00Z https://repository.umindanao.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2286 The bitter taste of cacao: Quimado, Christian John; Montebon, Marites; Delator, Jean Cacao farmers’ disengagement has gained recognition for addressing their social, financial, and environmental difficulties while pursuing financial stability. This qualitative study sought to unwrap the reasons behind the farmers’ disengagement. It aimed to know the factors that caused this phenomenon, the ineffective methods to resolve these problems, the importance of seminars in disseminating information, and recognize the farmers’ gripes towards cacao farming. This study utilized a purposive sampling method to gather nine farmers from Calinan of District III in Davao City. A semi-structured interview format was used to collect data, which was analyzed through a thematic approach. Moreover, the factors contributing to farmers’ disengagement were the laborious process of cacao farming, low yield and challenging marketing strategies, and dealing with cacao diseases and infestations. The ineffective methods applied as interventions to these factors were eliminating and disposing of sick pods, as well as pruning, wrapping, and spraying. The importance of government-initiated technical assistance in disseminating information was also discussed. The farmers’ gripes toward cacao farming were its expensiveness and laborious aspect, low-income and low-yield return, limited access to government technical assistance, unpredictable weather, and lack of labor force. This study provided valuable insights to the Department of Agriculture, cacao farmers and aspiring farmers, the finance sector, and local investors and stakeholders. This study addressed these challenges, which provided a foundation for future research and policy initiatives to promote sustainable cacao farming in the Philippines. In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration Major in Financial Management Sat, 01 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT https://repository.umindanao.edu.ph/handle/123456789/2286 2024-06-01T00:00:00Z